Guide to Bringing up Wind

When babies drink they almost always swallow some air. This is especially true if you are feeding them from a bottle. This air tends to get trapped in their stomachs and can make your baby uncomfortable. Occasionally your baby may “burp” on their own and release this gas but, more often, you will need to do something to help.

You should try to get your baby to burp in the middle and, at the end of every feed. There are three simple ways to get your baby to release this trapped wind. Try all three until you find the one that works best for you.

• Lay the baby face down across your knees and, whilst supporting the head gently rub or pat their back.
• Hold the baby, facing you in an upright position with their head above your shoulder. Gently rub or pat their back.
• Hold the baby on your knee in a sitting position whilst leaning them slightly forwards. Gently rub or pat their back.

Whichever way you choose you must always remember to support the baby’s head at all times. There is no need to do anything more vigorous than gently rubbing or patting. The trapped wind is brought up by the pressure of your hand not by the noise created or, because of any sudden movements.

When the air is released it will often bring up some liquid with it so you should be ready for this to avoid spillage on clothing. This is very common and is nothing to worry about. If your baby vomits it will involve a lot more fluid and, although this in itself is not uncommon if it happens regularly you should raise it with your midwife or health visitor.

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When your baby starts to crawl!

When your baby first discover that they can crawl it is a significant milestone in their development but, it can bring with it problems which you must overcome. As soon as your baby is mobile everything within their reach is fair game. You will have to overcome sibling rivalry’s as they try to get their hands on big brothers or sisters toys for the first time. A peaceful long-term truce should be your long-term goal but, you will need a few strategies for limiting open warfare in the short-term.

As soon as your baby starts to crawl you will have to consider how you are going to restructure the layout of you house to prevent or minimise accidents. Certainly anything breakable needs to move up a shelf or two until it is out of reach. Electrical items need unplugging so they can’t be pulled over and, empty plug sockets need protectors. You need to put child locks on cupboard doors, tie back any wire that can’t be unplugged (e.g, telephone) and generally check everything to make sure your house is safe for a crawling baby.

Older children will get enraged that toys now can’t be left unattended without their younger sibling getting hold of them. Anything within reach is incredibly interesting to a newly mobile baby and, older brother/sister’s toys will fit the bill nicely.

On one hand you will need to take measure to ensure that the little one gradually gets used to respecting their older siblings space (bedroom) but, on the other you will want to encourage sharing and the joy of playing together. However, when you are mid tantrum from both children with them fighting over a plastic car such joys can seem to be beyond expectation. Don’t give up. You will gradually find ways to pacify the situation.

One way may be to provide each of them with a special blanket on the floor. Anything left on the blanket is then “off limits” to the other child. There could be a third blanket where they play together. Children often react well to rules such as this because it puts them in control and they decide when they play together and when they want to be alone.

However, sometimes you just need to take the baby out of the situation to prevent conflicts arising. You are in for years of sibling rivalry so from your perspective the less you intervene initially the better. Both children are bidding for independence, which is something you should try to encourage.

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Do I Have to Breastfeed All The Time

Although there is no doubt that breastfeeding is best for your baby, most babies will get some formula milk some of the time. Breastfeeding is not always possible. You might be an adoptive mother or have a medical reason not to breastfeed. Others might just decide that breastfeeding is not for them or, may breastfeed for a short period after the birth before moving onto formula feeding. If you wish to supplement your breastfeeding with formula milk wait until you have been breastfeeding for three to four weeks to preserve your own milk supply.

During breastfeeding is a wonderful time for mothers to bond and build a unique closeness with their baby. If you move onto formula, perhaps so Dad can take some of the strain, make sure that you continue to feed in the same manner and, that the cuddles your baby got whilst you were breastfeeding continue. Hold your baby close with their head slightly elevated at an angle and make sure that the bottle is upright to minimise the possibility of your baby taking in air whilst feeding.

When you purchase your infant formula you can be confident that it will meet your baby’s nutritional needs in full. The major brands are all very similar and, unless you are told otherwise by your doctor make sure you get one that is fortified with iron. Formula milks come in three basic types;

• Powder (very economical)
• Liquid concentrate (a bit more expensive)
• Ready-to-use (the most expensive)

Unsurprisingly, the formula’s which are ready to use and require little effort are the most expensive. However, don’t feel that you have to buy these to get the best for your baby. If they are mixed properly, in accordance with the instructions the powder concentrates are equally as good.

Water to mix with formula

In most cases you don’t have to use any special water with your formula unless there is a problem with your water supply. If you have doubts check with your doctor and your water company.

How much formula is enough?

New-borns start with a very small stomach which can only hold 1-2 teaspoons (5-10ml) of milk for the first week but, this amount will start to increase almost immediately. By the end of the first month your baby will be taking around 120ml per feed every four hours.

Age Amount of feed Frequency of feed

New-born 60-90ml every 3-4 hours

One month 120ml every 4 hours

Two months 120ml 6-7 feeds every 24 hours

Four months 120-180ml 6 feeds every 24 hours

Six months 180-240ml 5 feeds every 24 hours

One year 480-720ml 3-4 feeds every 24 hours

The above table is a guide only as the actual amount a baby takes may vary significantly depending on your baby’s size. Needs and appetites also vary day by day and, month by month. Your baby will feed as often as they need too as long as you learn to read the signs and interpret them properly. Don’t offer the bottle every time your baby cries, especially if it is just after a feed. Remember, babies cry for many reasons. Learn to read if they are hungry or if they just want your attention.

Formula milk moves more slowly through a baby’s digestive system so expect feeds to be less frequent if you have been breastfeeding and switch to formula. Also, the stools may be a little harder and drier.

Remember all babies are individuals so, don’t force-feed if you think they are not drinking enough and, don’t leave them wanting more if they empty a bottle and show signs of wanting more. Also, a baby who often regurgitates after a feed may do better with smaller, more frequent feeds.

Things you should know

• Babies often loose a little weight straight after birth. As long as they continue to feed normally you have no need to worry.
• All equipment used in feeding your baby needs to be washed using warm soapy water and sterilised before use. Most sterilising is now done in a microwave using a sterilising unit.
• Always wash your hands before making up a batch of feed.
• Prepared formula can be stored in a fridge for up to 48 hours if the teat is untouched by the baby. If it has been touched you should throw away the rest of the feed.
• You don’t have to warm the mix but most babies don’t like it straight out of the fridge. Don’t warm milk using a microwave as they can heat the mixture unevenly leaving “hotspots” in the mix.
• Most formula milks are based on cow’s milk so if your family has an intolerance to this discuss it with your doctor before you give it to your baby. There are alternatives based on Soya.

Be aware of the following

• Unused formula “goes off” very quickly and the teats can be like magnates to bacteria. Throw away any unused milk and always sterilise your equipment.
• Evaporated milk is the wrong balance for baby’s digestive system and can put unnecessary stress on your babies guts and kidney’s.
• Do not use cow’s milk until your baby is at least 12 months old.
• Don’t add honey to anything. It can contain spores which can cause serious illness in children under 12 months.
• Don’t dilute formula. If you are struggling financially talk to you health visitor who will be able to help.

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Bathing your baby safely

You could make bath-time part of your evening routine. It can be fun for you and your baby but, there are several safety tips you should keep in mind.

• The single most important thing to remember is that you must never leave you baby unattended for even a second whilst they are in the bath. Get everything you will need ready before you start the bathing process: towels, toiletries, new nappy, night-clothes. Once you have your baby in the bath you will be unable to leave them. If the phone rings, ignore it, they will call back. Children can drown in under a minute in less that 2.5cm of water.
• Never put your baby in the bath whilst the water is still running. The water temperature could change and scold them. The water needs to be comfortably warm, not hot, about 100 degrees Fahrenheit/ 38 degrees Centigrade is proven to help babies retain their body heat. Put cold water in first, then add hot to bring up to temperature.
• If you are using your family bath, make it safe by adding a rubber bathmat, to prevent slipping and, cover the taps. Don’t allow your child to touch the taps. One day they will be strong enough to turn them on and the hot water tap could lead to serious injury.
• For new-borns and babies up to six months old you only need about five inches of water. Just enough to allow your baby to settle in the water with their shoulders covered. Never allow older children to have the water more than waist height.
• For older children a bath seat might be useful. It will give you two free hands because of the support it offers. However, you still need to be alert at all times. Children have died when they were left unattended in a bath seat.
• Never allow a child to stand in the bath.
• Many babies and parents love bath-time whilst other don’t. There is no real for a daily bath but, if your baby enjoys it you could make it part of your night-time routine. It will help relax your baby and they will learn that it’s soon going to be bedtime. This may help their sleeping pattern. Your baby’s hair does not need washing every day. The hair follicles produce little oil and one wash per week will probably be enough.
• Use soaps, shampoos and bubble baths sparingly as you could cause you babies skin to become dry and sensitive. Use mild products, which have been specifically designed for babies.
• When you remove your baby from the bath you need to minimise body heat loss. This is particularly important for new-borns. Make sure the room is warm and wrap your baby in a large towel as soon as you lift them out. Dab your baby dry gently and dress them immediately. Once dressed, give them a cuddle to ensure they warm up quickly.

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Make Your Baby Smile

You will always remember your baby’s first belly laugh and, once you’ve heard it you will do almost anything to hear it again. On some days, when you need a shower desperately, because your child has just decided to throw up into your hair, it will be the only thing that could possibly make you smile. With that in mind, here are my top five ways that seem to have what it takes to make babies smile.

Blowing Raspberries

Gently blowing a raspberry onto your baby’s tummy or, tiny hands and feet is the perfect way to make them smile.

Playing Peek-a-Boo

This is one from everyone’s childhood and is usually a favourite with babies. Hide behind a piece of furniture, their favourite blanket or just use your hands. However you do it, you’re sure to get smiles in return.

Silly and “Over the Top” Movements

The more exaggerated you make your face the better. Your baby will love the attention and making silly faces at them only emphasises the attention you’re giving. Even something a simple as a sneeze can put a smile on a babies face.

Silly Noises

My husband used to “beep” every time my youngest pressed his nipples. We had a couple of years worth of entertainment on Sunday mornings out of that one. It guaranteed a proper belly laugh every time. Any silly noise could do the trick so try a few and see what works for you.

Tickle Time

If all else fails a gentle tickle will usually bring a smile from your baby, and this form of touch can also act as a bonding ritual. Touch is very important as it emphasises to your baby the fact that you are there and, everything is well.

Parents can expect their baby to smile responsively to family members from around six weeks of age. Social smiles and laughs will start at around 4 months.

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Make Your baby Thrive

You don’t need to be a childcare expert to ensure your baby has the best start in life. Some things will come naturally to you but, to be confident you are fulfilling their needs and that they have the best possible opportunity to reach their full potential just follow the steps below;

Love

Children need to be loved. Good care and support will give your child the secure base they need to begin exploring the world. Love, attention and support in the early years of a child’s life can have a measurable impact on that child’s physical, mental and emotional growth. Show your love whenever you get the opportunity. Cuddle, smile, encourage and play with your baby whenever you can. You won’t “spoil” your baby by responding too quickly to their cries. Experts have shown that if you respond quickly when your baby is upset it will help develop the trust and, create a strong emotional bond between you.

Basic needs.

Your baby needs to be in good health and have plenty of energy to help them grow. Make sure you attend baby clinic regularly to keep track of your baby’s growth and get the immunisations your baby needs.

Breastmilk or formula will provide all the nutrients your baby needs for the first six months of life and, a large part of what they need up to their first birthday. Breastmilk is best. Studies have shown that it helps minimise the risk of your baby picking up certain illnesses. However, formula milk fed babies should thrive even if they don’t get the extra benefits attached to breastmilk.

Sleep is an important part of a baby’s life. It’s when you baby’s brain makes important connections. These connections form the basis of the pathways within the brain which will enable your baby to understand and interact with the world around them.

Tend to your babies physical needs promptly. If you take care of the basics your baby’s brain can concentrate on the more challenging things which are happening around them.

Speak to your baby

The best thing you can do to help stimulate your baby’s brain is, speak to them. Speaking to your baby makes them good communicators which, is a great stepping stone to doing well at school.

Talk to your child whenever you are together. They will respond if they know the words are directed at them, so try to maintain eye contact whilst you are speaking. You can ramble on about anything but, try to keep it relevant to what you are doing. Things such as “mummy’s putting you a clean nappy on” or “mummy’s going to give you a nice warm bath” are fine. You don’t have to try to be educational all the time.

Read to your baby

Reading out loud to your baby is one of the most important things you can do to help develop your child’s vocabulary and language development. It’s also the perfect time for you to have a cuddle and help develop your baby’s social skills.

Stimulate their senses

For a young child to learn about the world around them they need to be exposed to it. Every new interaction is a learning process. A child can be over-stimulated so you don’t want to engage your baby in activities 24 hours a day but, when they are interested in playing make sure that your provide a variety of toys and objects. Choose items which are different in shape, weight, texture and colour as well as items which can make a noise. You can play simple interactive games such as peek-a-boo and pat-a-cake. Go on walks and trips where your baby will meet other people. The simplest activities help brain development.

Make sure your child has plenty of room to play in. It will help them develop strong muscles, balance and good motor skills. They will need room to crawl initially, then cruise and walk as they develop. They will need room to explore without the need for too much negative interaction from you, so make the room as safe and childproof as possible.

Encourage new things

Don’t frustrate your child by giving them toys which are intended for much older children. We all learn the simple things first and it’s better to get good at them before moving on to more demanding things. However, if something stretches your baby’s capabilities that can only be a good thing. If something doesn’t come easy it will help your baby to develop if they have to think more about what they are doing. Problem solving will help their brain development. For example, if your baby is trying to put shapes through the correct hole and they are struggling, let them try for a while before you help. Then show how it’s done. Then let them try again themselves.

Look after yourself

The single most important thing in helping your baby to develop is you. So, if you are not feeling well make sure you seek professional advice immediately. Illnesses are easy to spot but, if you are finding it difficult to respond quickly and with empathy to your baby’s needs you may be depressed. Depression can effect a parent’s ability to interact with their child which can have a negative effect on the child’s development. If you think you may be depressed speak to your doctor or health visitor immediately.

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Get your baby to sleep through the night

Here are some tips to help you achieve the holy grail of getting your new-born to sleep through the night.

Create a consistent routine

Try to get yourself into a stable routine and stick too it. Putting your baby down at the same time each night (perhaps after a feed) and getting them up at the same time each morning will go a long way towards promoting a good night time sleep. A good routine might consist of;

• A bath
• A play
• Some time in a rocking chair
• A feed
• A cuddle to help them relax
• Bed

Have Realistic Expectations

Your child is unlikely to sleep through what we would consider to be the night until they are at least 6 months old. New-borns can sleep for up to 19 hours a day but they will do it in 3-4 hour stints. Their stomachs are small and they will become hungry during the night. You can however use your routine to your advantage. Say for example that you go through the routine above so that you get your baby into bed by about 7pm. It is likely that they will then wake up and want another feed at around 10pm. You could do this and then go to bed yourself. If you are lucky you may then only have to get up once (at most twice) during the 7-8 hour period which you will be in bed yourself. OK, so you will probably be up at 5 or 6 feeding again but, as your baby’s stomach grows this time will extend.

Make sure you give plenty of feeds during the day.

The more you can get your baby to feed during the day, the less they will want to feed during the night. This is especially true if your baby’s day time feeds are usually short.

Make sure they relax before bedtime.

Your night-time routine should allow for your baby to relax and unwind before you put them down for the night. If they have been passed around doting visitors for a few hours prior to bed they are unlikely to settle when you put them down. Before bedtime keep noise and activity down to a minimum and try to develop some comforting rituals such as reading, or singing quietly.

Don’t rush

The first 15-20 minutes of a babies sleep are quite light so if you put them down as soon as they “drop off” in your arms they are likely to wake up. If they fall asleep in your arms give them some time to make sure they are soundly asleep before putting them to bed.

Be aware of variations in your baby’s sleeping pattern.

There will be times when your baby wakes up during the night more often. It might be a “growth spurt” where they have a need for additional feeding or it could be the first signs of an oncoming illness.

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Disposable Nappies?

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There is always a ferocious debate going on about which type of nappy is better for babies. The two main types are;

1. The disposable nappy

2. The cloth nappy

In truth, neither kind is better or worse than the other and everything depends on your personal outlook. It then comes down to whether you feel comfortable with your choice after a month or two of putting it into practice.

Disposable nappies have in their favour that they are disposable (obviously). On changing the nappy, you will simply have to put it in the bin and forget about it. However, as any parent will tell you, children are very productive sources of waste matter, so keeping them in clean nappies can add up to a serious expense.

Cloth nappies are invariably cheaper (after the initial outlay), although clearly you need to have quite a few if you don’t want to be washing them almost constantly. There is also no doubt that they are also better for the environment. Disposables will be in landfill for a long time before they degrade. (Some guess at up to 500 years)

Ultimately it is entirely your decision which kind of nappy is the best for your purposes and for your purse. Either way, there is work involved and there is expense to take into account.

In my opinion, if you go with cloth, it is worth still having a few disposables around in case of emergencies or for when you are on the go.

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Why Dads are Important

Some people seem to think that a Dad only becomes important when his son needs taking to football practice or his daughter needs chauffeuring to ballet lessons. However, there are hundreds of published research papers that prove beyond any doubt that Dad is indispensable.

Dads matter because….

1. Children raised with their dads have better social skills when at nursery age and will do better at examinations when they are sixteen.
2. Being a good dad helps keep your child mentally stable. A close father-child relationship is a good predictor of good long-term mental health.
3. Children brought up in a happy two parent family environment have higher self esteem and form better relationships themselves.
4. Being a good Dad means that when your child grows up they are more likely to be a good parent themselves.
5. Good fathering means your son will be less likely to get a criminal record.
6. Successful professional women all tend to have at least one thing in common, fathers who respect and encourage them

You are Important to your partner too.

If you help with your baby from the start breastfeeding is more successful and she is less likely to suffer with postnatal depression.

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Dads, get more involved with your baby.

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For new Dads during the first few weeks after your baby comes home and, your partner seems to be breastfeeding 24/7, it’s difficult to see how you can develop your own special relationship. However, over time you will develop a bond that is just as important as that between mother and baby. Meanwhile, take a look at my top tips for being the best possible dad from day one.

Make time

Once you are back at work you need to make spending time with your baby part of your evening and weekend routine. In the evening, perhaps you could pick up the bath time routine or give the final feed. Even if you just sit with your baby on your knee it will help build your relationship. At the weekend you could take them for a walk and generally just take some of the pressure off your partner.

Initially, your partner may feel that she’s failing as a mum if she doesn’t do everything herself but, its vital for your development as a father, not to mention your baby’s development that you get involved. Your partner will be grateful of it too over the months to come. So, even if she protests make sure you get involved.

Don’t be put off

Whether to realise it or not many new mums undermine their partners chances of success by jumping in as soon as dads first attempt at looking after the baby does not go smoothly. If she criticises your performance remind her that you are still learning and that you are capable, as long as you are given time to learn.

Be a breastfeeding partner.

During the first few weeks your partner may be spending a lot of time breastfeeding. Make sure you look after her while she is. Offer plenty of drinks and snacks and make sure she’s comfortable. When breastfeeding becomes an established routine you could get involved by giving your baby a bottle of expressed milk yourself.

Don’t be afraid of a cuddle.

Above all. whenever you get the chance, wherever you are make sure you have a cuddle. It will make you both feel great.

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Dads are more important than ever.

A new survey suggests that approximately 6% of dads, or 600,000 men, are now their child’s main carer at home. This figure has risen from about 60,000 in 2000.

The majority of dads who stayed at home did so because their partner earned the higher salary, according to the survey of 1,000 parents by insurance firm Aviva. Mums earned more in one in six of all the households surveyed.

The men who stayed at home were generally happier with the arrangement than the women, with 75% of dads saying that they were fortunate to spend so much time with their children.

Nearly a third of the dads said they found looking after the kids more rewarding than going to work, although, 10% admitted they felt less of a man because they were not earning.

Another study by the University of Oxford found that dads these days are generally more hands-on than their own dads were, and spend much more quality time with their children. They spent an average of 32-36 minutes a day caring for their kids in 2000, compared to 3-8 minutes in 1975.

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Do I have to breastfeed all of the time?

Although there is no doubt that breastfeeding is best for your baby, most babies will get some formula milk some of the time. Breastfeeding is not always possible. You might be an adoptive mother or have a medical reason not to breastfeed. Others might just decide that breastfeeding is not for them or, may breastfeed for a short period after the birth before moving onto formula feeding. If you wish to supplement your breastfeeding with formula milk wait until you have been breastfeeding for three to four weeks to preserve your own milk supply.

During breastfeeding is a wonderful time for mothers to bond and build a unique closeness with their baby. If you move onto formula, perhaps so Dad can take some of the strain, make sure that you continue to feed in the same manner and, that the cuddles your baby got whilst you were breastfeeding continue. Hold your baby close with their head slightly elevated at an angle and make sure that the bottle is upright to minimise the possibility of your baby taking in air whilst feeding.

When you purchase your infant formula you can be confident that it will meet your baby’s nutritional needs in full. The major brands are all very similar and, unless you are told otherwise by your doctor make sure you get one that is fortified with iron. Formula milks come in three basic types;

• Powder (very economical)
• Liquid concentrate (a bit more expensive)
• Ready-to-use (the most expensive)

Unsurprisingly, the formula’s which are ready to use and require little effort are the most expensive. However, don’t feel that you have to buy these to get the best for your baby. If they are mixed properly, in accordance with the instructions the powder concentrates are equally as good.

Water to mix with formula

In most cases you don’t have to use any special water with your formula unless there is a problem with your water supply. If you have doubts check with your doctor and your water company.

How much formula is enough?

New-borns start with a very small stomach which can only hold 1-2 teaspoons (5-10ml) of milk for the first week but, this amount will start to increase almost immediately. By the end of the first month your baby will be taking around 120ml per feed every four hours.

Age Amount of feed Frequency of feed

New-born 60-90ml every 3-4 hours

One month 120ml every 4 hours

Two months 120ml 6-7 feeds every 24 hours

Four months 120-180ml 6 feeds every 24 hours

Six months 180-240ml 5 feeds every 24 hours

One year 480-720ml 3-4 feeds every 24 hours

The above table is a guide only as the actual amount a baby takes may vary significantly depending on your baby’s size. Needs and appetites also vary day by day and, month by month. Your baby will feed as often as they need too as long as you learn to read the signs and interpret them properly. Don’t offer the bottle every time your baby cries, especially if it is just after a feed. Remember, babies cry for many reasons. Learn to read if they are hungry or if they just want your attention.

Formula milk moves more slowly through a baby’s digestive system so expect feeds to be less frequent if you have been breastfeeding and switch to formula. Also, the stools may be a little harder and drier.

Remember all babies are individuals so, don’t force-feed if you think they are not drinking enough and, don’t leave them wanting more if they empty a bottle and show signs of wanting more. Also, a baby who often regurgitates after a feed may do better with smaller, more frequent feeds.

Things you should know

• Babies often loose a little weight straight after birth. As long as they continue to feed normally you have no need to worry.
• All equipment used in feeding your baby needs to be washed using warm soapy water and sterilised before use. Most sterilising is now done in a microwave using a sterilising unit.
• Always wash your hands before making up a batch of feed.
• Prepared formula can be stored in a fridge for up to 48 hours if the teat is untouched by the baby. If it has been touched you should throw away the rest of the feed.
• You don’t have to warm the mix but most babies don’t like it straight out of the fridge. Don’t warm milk using a microwave as they can heat the mixture unevenly leaving “hotspots” in the mix.
• Most formula milks are based on cow’s milk so if your family has an intolerance to this discuss it with your doctor before you give it to your baby. There are alternatives based on Soya.

Be aware of the following

• Unused formula “goes off” very quickly and the teats can be like magnates to bacteria. Throw away any unused milk and always sterilise your equipment.
• Evaporated milk is the wrong balance for baby’s digestive system and can put unnecessary stress on your babies guts and kidney’s.
• Do not use cow’s milk until your baby is at least 12 months old.
• Don’t add honey to anything. It can contain spores which can cause serious illness in children under 12 months.
• Don’t dilute formula. If you are struggling financially talk to you health visitor who will be able to help.

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Breast feeding in Public

Although you may feel uncomfortable when you breastfeed in front of other people it is perfectly acceptable to do so. Mums have the legal right to breastfeed in public during the first six months of their baby’s life.

Some tops are designed to help you feed discreetly. If you have to unbutton your blouse it will only make you feel more uncomfortable and exposed whilst you are feeding. Also, buttons are a hindrance you can do without. Stretchy tops, which you can just, lift up work well. If it helps you feel more relaxed consider covering yourself by draping a scarf or lightweight blanket over your shoulder and chest area whilst you feed your baby. This will help with privacy. Remember to make sure your baby can breath easily whilst they are covered though.

Some large shops have mother and baby facilities where you can feed comfortably amongst other mums. Some councils also produce leaflets on where facilities are provided.

Remember that feeding your baby when they are hungry is your first priority and you shouldn’t feel self-conscious about doing what’s best for them. When you become more familiar with breastfeeding, you won’t think twice about doing it in public.

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Breast feeding for new mums

If you have just started to try to breastfeed you’re doing the best thing for your baby. If it doesn’t come naturally to you, don’t worry. Plenty of mums need practice and perseverance until they get the hang of it. Here, I’ll try to guide you through the first few steps.

Breast milk is the best food available to your baby. Babies who are breastfed from birth are much less likely to be ill in the first year of their life. Breast milk may help protect your baby from illnesses such as ; gastroenteritis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, eczema, ear and urinary tract infections. Its also possible that breastfeeding helps your baby stay healthy in the long term too.

It’s not just your baby who may benefit from breastfeeding. It’s good for you too. Its helps lower your chance of getting breast cancer before you reach your menopause. It can also help to protect you against ovarian cancer and weak bones (osteoporosis) in later life.

It is recommended that women feed only breast milk to their babies for the first six months of life. After your baby starts on solid food you can continue with breast feeding for the first year and beyond if you wish.

Breast milk is a complete food. It contains at least 400 nutriants as well hormones and disease fighting compounds. Its nutritional make-up even adjusts to your babies needs as they grow.

Perhaps more importantly, apart from the infection fighting, brain developing properties of your milk which no substitute can offer, breastfeeding helps in perhaps the most important way possible, by helping to build a very special bond between you and your baby.

Preparing to Breastfeed.

As long as you are healthy there is not much more you can do to prepare your body for breastfeeding. However, you can prepare your mind. Learn as much as you can before your baby is born and encourage your partner to learn about it too so that he can understand and support you.

How do I start Breastfeeding?

As feeds can take anything from 5 to 40 minutes find yourself a comfortable place and position. Atmosphere is important, especially when you are starting and still trying to get the hang of it.

If you are easily distracted by noise find somewhere quite. If you are easily bored you may want the TV or radio in the room if the feeding is going well. Try different places until you find the best place for you.

Hold your baby in a position that won’t make your arm and/or back ache. Have cushions or pillows to hand to support you and your baby. Many mums find that cradling a baby across their chest supported by a cushion works well

Get yourself and the baby in a relaxed position before you start feeding. Pay attention to how your breasts feel when your baby latches on. The baby should take in a large mouthful of breast tissue. If it hurts, gently break the suction by inserting your little finger between your baby’s gums and your nipple and try again. Once your baby latches on properly they won’t need any more help from you.

Is Breastfeeding Easy?

Some women adjust to breastfeeding easily but, many other new mums find it hard going. Remember, if your struggling you won’t be the only one. If you feel like giving up, or just want more advice, get in touch with a breastfeeding specialist. Your midwife might be a good starting point.

Breastfeeding takes practice. Look upon it as a skill that you will have to learn. You wouldn’t expect to be able to play an instrument without taking music lessons. Give yourself time to learn and don’t be too hard on yourself if you don’t get it straightaway.

If it’s not going well tell yourself that it will get easier and keep in mind that any problems you have initially are likely to pass.

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Reasons babies cry and what you should do

Even the happiest of babies will cry for up to three hours per day. As they are unable to do anything for themselves they rely on you to provide them with all the food, warmth and comfort they need. Crying is the only way they have of communicating those needs. With experience you will learn to interpret what your baby is trying to tell you but, initially this crying can be upsetting. Don’t worry, you will soon learn to recognise your baby’s different crying patterns and will be able to anticipate their needs.

Also as your baby grows they will learn to communicate with you in other ways which will reduce the need for crying. They will learn to make eye contact, smile or make other noises which, thankfully, all reduce the need for crying. The most common reasons babies cry are listed below. If you are finding your baby difficult to soothe, try working through the list. By doing this, you will at least re-assure your self that you have done all you can to meet their needs.

Feed me!

Hunger is the most common reason that new babies cry. The younger the baby is, the more likely that they are crying because they are hungry. The exception to this being the first day or two after birth when some babies feed very little. Young babies stomachs are very small so they will initially take very small amounts very frequently. If your baby is crying because they are hungry they will settle when their stomach starts to fill.

I’m not comfortable!

Babies will protest if they have a soiled nappy or their clothes are too tight and you’re not addressing the problem. Some babies don’t seem to mind if their nappy is full, it’s warm and comforting, but others will cry to be changed immediately, especially if they have a skin irritation. If your baby is crying, checking the nappy should be close to the top of the list of things you should be doing. Check that the other clothing isn’t too tight or, for any reason uncomfortable at the same time.

I’m too hot! (or cold)

Make sure that your baby is dressed according to the conditions they are in. They don’t want to be too hot or too cold. A simple rule to follow is that your baby probably needs to wear one more layer of clothing than you do to be comfortable.

When they are sleeping. Try to use sheets and blankets rather than a duvet. It’s easier to add and remove layers to get the temperature right. The room temp should be about 18 degrees C or 64 degrees F. Put them down on their back so that their feet are near the bottom of the cot. That way they won’t wriggle further down under the blankets and get too hot.

I need a cuddle

Some babies need a lot of cuddling and reassurance. Whilst older babies may feel settled by just hearing your voice or seeing you in the room new babies often need close physical contact. If your baby has already been fed and you’ve checked the nappy it might just be that they now crave a cuddle. Don’t worry that you will “spoil” your baby by holding them for too long during the first few months of their life.

I need a sleep

We always assume that babies fall asleep whenever they need too, simply because many of them always appear to be sleeping. However, if your baby has been getting a lot of attention, maybe you’ve had lots of visitors, your baby may have been unable to rest to the degree that is required. Newborns find it difficult to cope with too much stimulation and, it may unsettle them and make it difficult for them to rest. Many parents find that their baby cries more than normal when relatives come to stay, or visit. If there seems to be no other reason for your baby to cry then, the crying may just be their way of telling you that they have had enough. If that’s the case, take them somewhere quite and withdraw them from the stimulating environment. They may continue to cry for a while but will eventually settle.

I’m poorly

If you’ve tried everything else and your baby continues to cry you may start to wonder if they are ill or in pain. New parents can find it difficult to tell if their baby is crying because they are finding it difficult to adjust to being in the outside world or whether there is something genuinely wrong. An ill baby often cries with a different tone to their usual cry. It might appear to be more urgent or high pitched. (Also, if your baby usually cries often and they suddenly seem to stop. This may also be a sign that something is wrong.) If you think something is wrong with your baby seek help from a health professional immediately. Remember, nobody knows your baby as well as you do.

Colic

Colic is uncontrollable crying in a baby for prolonged periods. It’s not known what causes it and there is not much you can do about it. It is usually a short-term issue which your baby will probably grow out of over the next three months or so. The most difficult part of colic is the stress and anxiety it can cause parents. Try not to let it get on top of you and take a break if someone offers to help.

What can I do when my baby cries?

If you have attended to your babies needs and they are still crying there are things you can do to try and comfort them They don’t all work for all babies so you need to try them and find what works for you.

Wrap them up and hold them tight

New-borns definitely have a preference for felling snug and secure so you might try wrapping you baby firmly in a blanket to see if they like it. They also often seem to respond well to being held, especially if they can feel/hear your heartbeat. Other babies may find this too restrictive and may respond better to being rocked or sung too.

Find a predictable rhythm

In the womb babies can hear your heartbeat. It’s probably why they like to be held as new-borns. However, any repetitive noise can have the same effect. Try playing gentle music. Some parents even find that the steady rhythm of the washing machine can have a calming effect. Don’t put your baby on top of the machine but, consider letting them being near to it.

Rock-a-bye

Most babies love to be gently rocked. You can do this yourself or consider investing in a rocking chair.

Massage

Consider giving your baby a gentle massage. Gently rubbing their back and stomach can have a calming effect. If your baby seems to have a problem with wind try holing them in an upright position against your shoulder and gently rubbing their back. Babies who appear to have colic often respond well to having their stomach massaged.

Let them suck on something

In some new-borns the need to suck on something is very strong. Sucking a dummy or a finger or thumb can be very relaxing. It can steady a baby’s heart rate, relax their stomach and help the settle.

A baby that cries often will not do themselves any lasting harm but it can cause much distress for the parents. If you are doing everything you can to meet your baby’s needs don’t blame yourself if they continue to cry. Its time to start looking after yourself to make sure you don’t become overwhelmed by the situation. Make sure you get a rest and take some time out to relax yourself every now and again. If a friend or relative offers to help, let them, and make sure you are fighting fit to continue looking after your baby when the time comes.

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Nappy rash

What does nappy rash look like?

If your baby has nappy rash you will spot it immediately. Some of the skin which has been covered by the nappy, probably the genital area, the buttocks and, folds of skin where legs and buttocks meet will be red and inflamed. The area can be either dry or moist and sometimes will appear to be pimply.

If you spot these signs you should treat them immediately as, untreated it can develop into something worse such as a yeast or bacterial infection. Yeast infections are more common in babies who are taking antibiotics. The drugs will have killed the “good” bacteria which normally keep the yeast under control as well as the infection they were intended to treat. Yeast infections normally begin as small red spots, which multiply and grow into solid red blotches. Bacterial infections, which are often accompanied by a fever, can cause oozing yellow patches or pus-filled pimples.

Why has my baby got nappy rash?

The major cause of nappy rash is dampness. New-borns urinate often and will have several loose bowel movements over any 24-hour period. Diarrhoea can also lead to nappy rash. It is almost impossible for you to keep your baby dry all the time. You may notice bowel movements quite quickly but you won’t spot every time your baby urinates. Even the best nappy will leave some moisture in contact with the skin. You must make every effort to change your babies nappy regularly to minimise the risk of nappy rash. However, if your baby has particularly sensitive skin they may be prone to nappy rash even if you change the nappy regularly.

How can I treat nappy rash?

Prevention is better than cure so make every effort to keep your baby clean and dry. If your baby is not yet mobile let them have time without wearing a nappy to allow the air to dry of the infected area. This will speed up the healing process. Make sure the room is warm and dry and let the baby lay on a towel, which you can wash as required. If your baby is mobile you may not want to try this unless you have an area which can be easily cleaned.

If your baby’s rash is allergy based use clean warm water and cotton wool to clean the infected area. Try switching to a super absorbent nappy to minimise moisture on the skin.

A normal nappy rash should clear up after three or four days of treatment at home. If the rash persists, spreads, or worsens whilst you are home treating you should visit your doctor. He may prescribe a hydrocortisone or anti-bacterial cream.

How can I prevent nappy rash?

• Change your baby’s nappy as soon as possible after you notice it has become wet or soiled.
• Clean the nappy area thoroughly everytime you change a nappy. Allow the skin to dry before you put a clean nappy back onto your baby.
• Coat the nappy area with a protective cream during each nappy change.
• Don’t fasten nappies too tightly. Allow room for air to circulate around the nappy.

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Your baby's development (10-12 Months)

Month 10

Most will now be waving goodbye and picking things up using the pincer grasp. They should be crawling well and cruising around the furniture. About half will say "mama"/"dada" to the correct parent. They will start to respond to their name and will understand "no", when you say it. They will indicate what they want with hand gestures. The more advanced will now be drinking from a cup and will stand alone for a couple of seconds. They will put objects into a container.

Month11

Most will now say "mama"/"dada" to the correct parent. They will play "patty-cake" and will stand alone for a couple of seconds. About half will now understand simple instructions and imitate actions done by others. The more advanced will now start bending whilst in a standing position and will have learned a second word.

Month 12

Most should now be imitating others and, indicating their wants with hand gesture. They will often jabber word-like sounds. About half will take their first steps and understand simple instructions. They will say their second word. The more advanced will now walk well and will start to scribble with a crayon. They will start using other words.

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Your baby's development (7-9 Months)

7 Months

By the time your baby is seven months old most will be able to sit upright without support. They will reach for items with a sweeping motion and they are likely to have started imitating speech sounds. (Babbling). About half will start to make word-like sounds and will begin crawling or lunging forwards. The more advanced may stand whilst holding onto something and have started waving goodbye.

8 Months

Most will say "mama" or "dada" but, not necessarily to the correct parent. They will have begun to crawl and will start pass items from hand-to-hand. About half will now be standing with support, will crawl well and, will point to objects. The more advanced may have started to walk whilst holding onto furniture for support and will be pointing at objects they want. They will be picking up items with finger and thumb "pincer" movements.

9 Months

By nine months most will now be making word-like sounds and will be standing whilst holding onto something. About half will be using the "pincer" grasp to pick up items and, will be walking with the support of furniture, as well as banging objects together. The more advanced will play "patta cake" and will say "mama" or "dada" to the correct parent.

Remember, don't worry if your baby doesn't do everything along this time-scale, it's just a guide and everyone is different.

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Your baby's development (4-6 Months)

Continued...

Month 4

By month 4 most babies will be able to hold their head up steadily. They can support their weight on their legs and will make "coo-ing" noises when you speak to them. About half will start to grasp at toys and other objects when you offer them and, they will roll over when on the floor. A minority will start attempting to make speech sounds. The first tooth may start to show.

Month 5

By the fifth month most babies will be amusing themselves by playing with their hands and feet. They can roll about on the floor and can distinguish between bright colours. About half will turn towards new sounds and may start to recognise when you use their name. The more advanced may sit alone without support and start putting objects into their mouth. Others may be ready for solid food and symptoms of "Stranger anxiety" may be shown.

Month 6

Most will now turn towards sounds and voices and start to imitate sounds and blow bubbles. They will roll at will in both directions. About half will now sit without support and start putting objects into their mouth. They will be ready for solids. More advanced will lunge forward and may start crawling, may jabber or combine sylables and will start grabbing for objects that are close by.

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Your baby's development

You will be astounded by how much your baby changes over their first year so I think it would be useful for me to outline the development you can expect to see over that time period, so that you have an indication that everything is progressing well. Remember this is just a guide so don't be worried if your baby does not do everything at the anticipated rate. Today we'll cover the first 3 months.

Month One

Most newborns can lift their head and respond to a sound within one month of birth. About half will follow objects you show them and start making "baby noises" . A few more advanced babies will smile, or even laugh.

Month Two

Most will now start to make recognisable vocal sounds such as gurgling and will follow objects around. They can hold their head up for short periods. About half will now laugh and smile and their movements will become smoother. Some will be able to hold their head steady and bear their weight on their legs. When on their stomach they may start to try and push themselves up.

Month Three

Most should now be laughing and able to hold their head steady. They should be able to recognise you. About half will be able to recognise your voice and will start making louder baby noises, such as squealing and squeaking. When on their stomach they may start to try and push themselves up. Some will turn towards loud sounds, can roll over and may start to make clapping movements.

Remember, if your baby does not do all these things it doesn't necessarily mean that something is wrong. We all develop at differing speeds.

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